{"id":415,"date":"2025-02-16T21:08:34","date_gmt":"2025-02-16T21:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/?p=415"},"modified":"2025-02-25T04:31:55","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T04:31:55","slug":"vejledning-i-opsaetning-og-brug-af-hotspot-med-pi-star-til-dmr-d-star-og-c4fm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/2025\/02\/16\/vejledning-i-opsaetning-og-brug-af-hotspot-med-pi-star-til-dmr-d-star-og-c4fm\/","title":{"rendered":"Vejledning i ops\u00e6tning og brug af hotspot med Pi-Star til DMR, D-Star og C4FM"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduktion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amat\u00f8rradioverdenen har med den digitale revolution oplevet en markant udvikling i kommunikationsmetoder. Fra de traditionelle analoge transmissioner bev\u00e6ger flere radioamat\u00f8rer sig nu mod digitale modes som DMR (Digital Mobile Radio), D-Star og C4FM (Yaesu System Fusion). En central komponent i denne overgang er brugen af hotspots med Pi-Star, som muligg\u00f8r nem adgang til digitale netv\u00e6rk via internettet. I denne artikel vil vi dykke ned i, hvordan man ops\u00e6tter og bruger et hotspot med Pi-Star til disse tre popul\u00e6re digitale modes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hvad er Pi-Star?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pi-Star er en softwarepakke designet til at k\u00f8re p\u00e5 sm\u00e5 single-board computere som Raspberry Pi. Den fungerer som en digital voice (DV) hotspot, repeater eller gatewaysystem, der underst\u00f8tter flere digitale modes. Med Pi-Star kan radioamat\u00f8rer forbinde deres digitale radios\u00e6t til globale netv\u00e6rk uden behov for lokale repeatere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Udstyr og Foruds\u00e6tninger<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f8r vi g\u00e5r i gang, skal du sikre dig, at du har f\u00f8lgende udstyr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Raspberry Pi<\/strong> (Model 3 eller nyere anbefales for optimal ydeevne)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MMDVM Hotspot-modul<\/strong> (f.eks. en JumboSpot eller en ZumSpot)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MicroSD-kort<\/strong> (mindst 8 GB)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Str\u00f8mforsyning til Raspberry Pi<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Internetforbindelse<\/strong> (Wi-Fi eller kablet)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Digital radio<\/strong> (kompatibel med DMR, D-Star eller C4FM)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Computer<\/strong> (til initial ops\u00e6tning)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installation af Pi-Star<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 1: Download Pi-Star Image<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bes\u00f8g Pi-Stars officielle hjemmeside: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pistar.uk\/downloads\/\">http:\/\/www.pistar.uk\/downloads\/<\/a> og download den nyeste version af Pi-Star-imaget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 2: Flash MicroSD-kortet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brug et program som <strong>balenaEtcher<\/strong> til at skrive Pi-Star-imaget til dit MicroSD-kort:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inds\u00e6t MicroSD-kortet i din computer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c5bn balenaEtcher.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00e6lg Pi-Star-imaget.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00e6lg MicroSD-kortet som destinationsdrev.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Klik p\u00e5 &#8220;Flash&#8221; for at starte processen.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 3: Konfigurer Wi-Fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For at konfigurere Wi-Fi p\u00e5 forh\u00e5nd skal du:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Efter flashingen, \u00e5bn MicroSD-kortet p\u00e5 din computer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opret en fil kaldet `<strong>wpa_supplicant.conf<\/strong>`.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inds\u00e6t f\u00f8lgende i filen:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; country=DK<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; ctrl_interface=DIR=\/var\/run\/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; update_config=1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; network={<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ssid=&#8221;Dit_Netv\u00e6rksnavn&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; psk=&#8221;Din_WiFi_Adgangskode&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp; }<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.\u00a0Gem og luk filen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 4: Ops\u00e6tning af Hardware<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Monter MMDVM hotspot-modulet p\u00e5 Raspberry Pi&#8217;s GPIO-stik.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inds\u00e6t MicroSD-kortet i Raspberry Pi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilslut str\u00f8mforsyningen til Raspberry Pi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ops\u00e6tning af Pi-Star<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 1: Find Pi-Star p\u00e5 Netv\u00e6rket<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Efter opstart skal du finde Pi-Star p\u00e5 dit netv\u00e6rk. Du kan bruge en netv\u00e6rksscanner som <strong>Angry IP Scanner<\/strong> eller blot indtaste `http:\/\/pi-star\/` i din webbrowser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 2: Login til Dashboard<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Brugernavn: `pi-star`<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adgangskode: `raspberry`<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 3: Initial Konfiguration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00e5 til \u201dConfiguration\u201d siden og begynd ops\u00e6tningen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. <strong>Grundl\u00e6ggende Indstillinger:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hostname:<\/strong> Behold standard eller \u00e6ndr efter eget \u00f8nske.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Callsign:<\/strong> Indtast dit radioamat\u00f8rkaldesignal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Radio Frequency:<\/strong> V\u00e6lg en frekvens inden for 70 cm b\u00e5ndet (fx 433.550 MHz).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Latitude og Longitude:<\/strong> Indtast din placering.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Town, Country:<\/strong> Din by og land.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>URL:<\/strong> Link til din QRZ-side eller personlig hjemmeside.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. <strong>Wireless Configuration:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dine Wi-Fi-indstillinger skulle allerede v\u00e6re konfigureret.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. <strong>Opdater og Anvend \u00c6ndringer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Klik p\u00e5 &#8220;Apply Changes&#8221; for at gemme dine indstillinger.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ops\u00e6tning til DMR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 1: Aktiver DMR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Under MMDVMHost Configuration<\/strong>, marker <strong>DMR<\/strong> som aktiveret.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 2: DMR Indstillinger<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DMR Master:<\/strong> V\u00e6lg din foretrukne DMR-netv\u00e6rksudbyder (f.eks. BrandMeister).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DMR Options:<\/strong> Indtast dit DMR ID (kan f\u00e5s ved at registrere p\u00e5 [RadioID.net] (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.radioid.net\/)\">https:\/\/www.radioid.net\/)<\/a>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Color Code:<\/strong> Behold standard (1), medmindre andet er p\u00e5kr\u00e6vet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Default Reflector:<\/strong> Angiv en standard reflektor, hvis \u00f8nsket.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 3: Anvend \u00c6ndringer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Klik p\u00e5 &#8220;Apply Changes&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ops\u00e6tning til D-Star<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 1: Aktiver D-Star<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Marker <strong>D-Star<\/strong> som aktiveret under <strong>MMDVMHost Configuration<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 2: D-Star Indstillinger<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RPT1 og RPT2 Indstillinger:<\/strong> Disse udfyldes automatisk baseret p\u00e5 dit kaldesignal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Default Reflector:<\/strong> V\u00e6lg en standard reflektor (f.eks. DCS005).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 3: Anvend \u00c6ndringer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Klik p\u00e5 &#8220;Apply Changes&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ops\u00e6tning til C4FM (Yaesu System Fusion)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 1: Aktiver YSF<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Marker <strong>YSF<\/strong> som aktiveret.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 2: YSF Indstillinger<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>YSF Startup Host:<\/strong> V\u00e6lg en standard YSF-node eller reflektor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Callsign:<\/strong> Dit kaldesignal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trin 3: Anvend \u00c6ndringer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Klik p\u00e5 &#8220;Apply Changes&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brug af Hotspot med Din Radio<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DMR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Programmering af Radioen:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Opret en kanal med den samme frekvens som dit hotspot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indstil korrekt <strong>Color Code<\/strong>. (som regel color code 1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Indtast dit DMR ID.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilf\u00f8j \u00f8nskede <strong>Talk Groups<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Brug<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u00e6lg den programmerede kanal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PTT for at forbinde til en Talk Group.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D-Star<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Indstillinger p\u00e5 Radioen:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indstil til simplex p\u00e5 hotspot-frekvensen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00e6t UR, R1 og R2 korrekt (normalt h\u00e5ndteret automatisk).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. *Brug:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u00e6lg \u00f8nsket reflektor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PTT for at forbinde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C4FM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Indstillinger p\u00e5 Radioen:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Indstil til den samme frekvens som hotspot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00e6lg DN (Digital Narrow) mode.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Brug:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Forbind til \u00f8nsket rum (Room) via radioens menu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PTT for at kommunikere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fejlfinding<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ingen Forbindelse til Hotspot:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kontroller str\u00f8mforsyningen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sikre at frekvensen p\u00e5 radioen og hotspot matcher.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tjek netv\u00e6rksforbindelsen p\u00e5 Pi-Star.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Lydkvalitet er D\u00e5rlig:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Juster TX- og RX-offset i Pi-Star indstillingerne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kontroller antenneforbindelsen p\u00e5 hotspot-modulet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kan Ikke Forbinde til Reflektor eller Talk Group:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bekr\u00e6ft, at dit DMR ID er korrekt indtastet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tjek om den valgte reflektor er online.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Opdateringer og Vedligeholdelse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Regelm\u00e6ssigt opdat\u00e9r Pi-Star software via <strong>Dashboard &gt; Update<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overv\u00e5g systemets ydeevne p\u00e5 <strong>Dashboard<\/strong> for at sikre optimal funktion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konklusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ved at ops\u00e6tte et hotspot med Pi-Star \u00e5bner du op for en verden af globale digitale kommunikationsmuligheder som radioamat\u00f8r. Uanset om du foretr\u00e6kker DMR, D-Star eller C4FM, giver Pi-Star dig fleksibiliteten til at udforske disse modes fra komforten af dit eget hjem.<br><br>Med denne vejledning skulle du v\u00e6re godt p\u00e5 vej til at etablere din egen digitale kommunikationshub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Artiklen er produceret med hj\u00e6lp fra generativ kunstig intelligens <br>og redigeret af Niels Weiglin \/OZ5NW<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Kildeangivelser:<br>Pi-Star Official Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pistar.uk\">http:\/\/www.pistar.uk<\/a><br>BrandMeister DMR Network: <a href=\"https:\/\/brandmeister.network\/\">https:\/\/brandmeister.network\/<\/a><br>RadioID Registration: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.radioid.net\/\">https:\/\/www.radioid.net\/<\/a><br>D-Star Info: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dstarinfo.com\">http:\/\/www.dstarinfo.com<\/a><br>Yaesu System Fusion: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yaesu.com\/\">https:\/\/www.yaesu.com\/<\/a><br>Pi-Star User Guide: <a href=\"http:\/\/amateurradionotes.com\/pi-star.htm\">http:\/\/amateurradionotes.com\/pi-star.htm<\/a> <br>Raspberry Pi Official Site: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/\">https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduktion Amat\u00f8rradioverdenen har med den digitale revolution oplevet en markant udvikling i kommunikationsmetoder. Fra de traditionelle analoge transmissioner bev\u00e6ger flere radioamat\u00f8rer sig nu mod digitale modes som DMR (Digital Mobile Radio), D-Star og C4FM (Yaesu System Fusion). En central komponent i denne overgang er brugen af hotspots med Pi-Star, som muligg\u00f8r nem adgang til digitale [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":417,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,23,18],"tags":[39,25,30],"class_list":["post-415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-featured","category-radio-2","category-tech","tag-digital-radio","tag-radio","tag-radioamatoer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=415"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":419,"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/415\/revisions\/419"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.techgruppen.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}